It has the same output interface as the S/R latch: a single bit of information per tick. It also inputs a single red or green wire and operates on its value. The program should not change (changing it at the wrong moments will probably break it). The Z903 device inputs a "program" from a constant combinator. To avoid vague generalizations, however, let's limit our discussion to the Z903 device in the OP. Any device that goes "pop! or "ker-chunk" probably makes that noise due to some kind of hysteresis. Note that the term is quite broadly defined and used. What is hysteresis? Some of that has been covered above. An accurate but confusing way to describe an S/R latch is that it's a one-bit digital storage device, which continuously outputs its stored value, and is controlled by a two-bit (no pun intended) pulse-controlled digital interface which sets or unsets the stored bit depending on whether the "set" or "reset" input bit is pulsed, respectively. Calling it a switch is more like a metaphor than a technical description. But the idea and i/o interface of a switch is so familiar that it's hard not to think of it that way. Generally speaking, an S/R latch is in fact not a true switch - we have a true switch in the game, now, and it's easy to see that what it does is quite different from what an S/R latch does. It is often talked about as a "switch" but that's pretty cavalier. When it's off, providing a brief (but not too brief) "1" pulse to it's "set" pin will turn it on (cause a 1 to be output), and once it's on, providing a brief (as before) "1" input to is "reset" pin will turn it back off (cause a zero to be output). It has somewhat complicated dynamics when you start to look at corner cases, but the basic idea is it has a "set" input and a "reset" input. What is an SR latch? The standard factorio SR latch is, I think, the one from the "combinators 101" post with two A=0 -> A:1 deciders. Let's try again to answer the question properly: Even the correct parts are poorly stated.
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